清园措施对核桃黑斑病田间防控效果分析

通过物理清园、综合清园和二次综合清园措施,观测核桃黑斑病防控效果,发现清园可降低病害侵染程度,实行冬春两次综合清园更有利于杀灭越冬病原菌,降低病害侵染程度,防控效果更好。     

Changes in key enzyme activities and metabolites during in vitro maturation of Apostichopus japonicus oocyte under desiccation stress

Understanding the physiological changes of oocyte in vitro maturation are important for improving in in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. In this study, Apostichopus japonicus gonads were dissected, and the oocytes and gonadal fluid extracted from the gonads were dried in darkness to induce oocyte maturation. The changes in the germinal vesicle breakdown percentage (GVBDP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenylyl cyclase (AC), protein kinase C (PKC), oestradiol (E2), and metabolites in gonadal fluid–oocyte complexes (GFOC) were detected during desiccation. The GVBDP peaked at 85% after 2 hr of desiccation. The SOD activity and GSH concentration in GFOC increased significantly during desiccation, reaching their maximum values at 0.5 and 2 hr of desiccation respectively (p < 0.05). The concentrations of cAMP, AC, PKC, and E2 decreased significantly during the desiccation treatment (p < 0.05) and reached relatively stable levels after 1 hr of desiccation. After 2 hr of desiccation, among the 68 metabolites detected in the GFOC, the concentrations of 52 metabolites increased and those of 16 metabolites decreased. This study not only provides an effective and simple technique for in vitro induction of A. japonicus oocyte maturation under desiccation stress, but also improves our understanding of gamete biology in this species.     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

中棉所117的选育及种植技术要点

介绍了转抗虫基因中熟常规棉新品种中棉所117的选育过程、特征特性、适宜种植区域和种植技术要点。     

夸克芝士风味发酵乳的制备

以全脂牛乳、白砂糖和夸克芝士为主要配方,酸度和感官评价为检测指标,通过单因素试验并用响应面试验优化,确定夸克风味发酵乳的最佳配方工艺条件。结果表明,在白砂糖添加量为8.0%,夸克芝士添加量为6.0%,发酵剂接种量为1.0%,发酵温度43 ℃,发酵时间5.5 h时,夸克风味发酵乳口感最佳。在此优化条件下,成品感官评分为90.21 分,酸度为78.2 °T,产品组织状态细腻,质构均匀,酸甜适中,口感嫩滑,且具有夸克芝士特有的风味。     

配电网检修计划优化实践

配电网设备检修能够及时发现常规试验或外观检查难以察觉的问题,使电网设备隐患或故障得到及时消除,通过合理有序安排检修工作,可有效提高电网的供电可靠性[1]。常规的检修计划制定过程通常包含分部门收集与汇总的过程,存在着潜在冲突与不合理之处,在实施之前,需要从技术与管理角度进行优化。     

芥菜吸收积累重金属研究进展

指出了土壤重金属污染状况和由此导致的蔬菜重金属污染风险不容忽视。针对不同品种芥菜吸收和积累重金属的特性、吸收机制以及应用方面进行了综述,为研究芥菜吸收积累重金属的机理和应用提供参考。